Causatives

THe_LooPuS · Tarih: Tue Jul 31, 2007 9:58 am Mesaj konusu: Causatives

Basic causative structures
There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive. These examples use the causative verb "have":

I had John fix the car.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by John -- I caused him to fix it.)
I had the car fixed.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by someone. We don't know who, so this is like a passive.)

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The active causative structure
This is the basic structure of the active form, along with some more examples:

Subject Causative verb Agent Action verb Object
Susan had her brother do her homework.
The police had the suspect stop his car.
We had the carpenter fix our window.

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The passive causative structure
In the passive form, there is usually no agent. The action verb is in the past participle, and the object comes before it:

Subject Causative verb Object Action verb
We had our door fixed.
Yukiko had her hair cut.
Sanjay had the windows cleaned.

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Other causative verbs
All the examples above use the causative verb "have". However, many other verbs can be used in causatives. In the active form, som of these verbs require the action verb to have "to" before it. These are some examples of the most common causative verbs.

Verb Meaning Form of Action Verb Examples
make force, compel plain form The robbers made us lie on the floor.
[No passive form]
get same as "have" "to" form I got Jae Won to pick me up in the car.
She got her hair cut.
let allow plain form I'll let you borrow my bike.
[No passive form]

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